Apparatus for boxing layers of articles such as fruit and the like



Sept. 9, 1969 w, zw c ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet l 5 z y z J M {2; w r fl a G 5 0 M WWW? M Z? Sept. 9, 1969 Filed Aug. 16, 1965 W. E. ZWIACHER ET AL APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Q au/Q Mada 33' day/5.0154

Sept. 9, 1969 w. .ZWIACH ET AL 3,465,495

E APPARATUS FOR XING L RS OF ARTICLES SUCH A RUII AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept. 9, 1969 w. ZWMCHER ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE l5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 16, 1965 5 Z w A w. h W 0 0 d o0 T o o o 2M w o N 0 W. ,4. 9 CQ,

\7 oO w I 00 5 p Sept. 9, w E. ZWIACHER ETAL APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 i n!) a? g;- /42 /60 ZZ)\\ /ZZ 6: @1- R j] 6 L965 MW Sept. 9, 1969 w E, ZWMCHER ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 6 A ffdf/t fi Sept. 9, 1969 Filed Aug. 16. 1965 Era W. E. ZWIACHER ET AL APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS 0F ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE 15 Sheets-Sheet 7 Sept. 9, 1969 w zw c ER ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH As FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Sept. 9, 1969 w, zw c R ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 0 Sept. 9, 1969 w E, zw ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS 01-" ARTICLES sucu AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 1o M60044 dam/$3502 Sept. 9, 1969 w, zwmc ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS 0? ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 11 357 fl/QQ/W 477aai/ff Sept. 9, 1969 w zw c ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS 0F ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE l5 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed Aug. 16, 1965 WNW Mn MSW b MMM MMM MM QM M NWN N \MM v Sept. 9, 1969 w. E, zw c R ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet l5 ww w waz/waes B (i a (7, Maw. A7707VV Sept. 1969 w. E. ZWIACHER ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 l5 Sheets-Sheet l4 Mew/Izzy 1 550 wz/pp/n// /v I 1 a Arrae/vfk Spt. 9, 1969 w zw ET AL 3,465,495

APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS 0F ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 16, 1965 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 United States Patent 3,465,495 APPARATUS FOR BOXING LAYERS OF ARTICLES SUCH AS FRUIT AND THE LIKE Wayne E. Zwiacher, Ontario, Louis D. Kaser and Maurice V. Johnson, Jr., Upland, Alfred H. Fennel], Chino, and Fred W. Riddingtou, Ontario, Calif., assignors to Sunkist Growers, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Filed Aug. 16, 1965, Ser. No. 480,021 Int. Cl. B65b 25/00, 35/00 U.S. Cl. 53-164 35 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Citrus fruit to be packed into a box is first formed into staggered longitudinal rows on a feed chute and then rectangular pickup means having rows of vacuum pickup cups is positioned diagonally of the chute to pick up a group to form one layer in the box, the successive groups being of staggered patterns for the successive layers to nest together.

The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for placing articles in containers and more particularly to a method and apparatus whereby a plurality of articles are prearranged on an article delivery chute so as to be transferred from the chute in a prearranged condition and deposited in a receptacle to the end that the receptacle may be packed with the articles in layers which nest or interfit with one another or in layers in which the articles are placed vertically one on top of another.

In the packaging of articles such as fruit, for example oranges; in shipping receptacles, various apparatus have been provided for depositing the fruit in trays having pockets for reception of the fruit, which pockets are arranged in rows, adjacent rows being staggered by one fruit so that the trays when placed in the receptacle interfit or nest with the subjacent fruit of a previously packed tray.

Other apparatus have been provided in an eifort to efficiently pack fruit without trays in a manner approaching what is called in the art a tray pack but Without a great deal of success.

The present invention contemplates the ultimate place ment of layers of fruit or other such articles in a receptacle wherein each layer consists of rows of fruit which interfit or nest with one another lengthwise and widthwise of the receptacle, wherein diagonal rows of fruit within the layer are aligned. Similarly, as viewed vertically, each layer of fruit in the receptacle contains rows which are nested with the subjacent rows. A peculiarity of packaging fruit in this manner is that diagonally extended rows of fruit within the receptacle are in mutually contacting relation, whereas the rows extended parallel to the side and end walls of the receptacle are generally in spaced relation in order to allow such nesting. It is this peculiarity which has occasioned difficulties heretofore in the efficient automatic packaging of fruit in the above mentioned manner and manual packing of the fruit in this manner has been substantially the only successful mode heretofore employed. Obviously, the manual packaging of large numbers of fruit in receptacles involves great expenditures of time and money in the maintenance of labor.

The present invention provides, in addition to the foregoing, for the placement of identical layers in which the articles in the layer are arranged one above the other in stacked relation.

The present invention, moreover, involves the placement or arrangement of groups of fruit or other such articles on a feed chute adapted to feed fruit in rows to a receptacle filling station so that within the rows of fruit on the chute there exists a group of fruit so correlated to one another as to correspond to the desired fruit correlation to be accomplished in placing a layer of fruit in the receptacle. Thus, a primary object of the invention is to arrest the movement of rows of fruit on a feed chute so as to cause the correlative location of the fruit in a pattern corresponding to a layer of fruit to be placed within a receptacle.

Still another object of the invention involves the transfer of prearranged groups of fruit from a delivery chute to the receptacle. In accomplishing this objective, it is a further and more specific objective to transfer groups or layers of fruit from the feed chute so that alternate layers will nest one fruit between subjacent fruit with the diagonal rows of fruit within each layer disposed in mutually contacting relation. In accomplishing this general objective it is still another specific objective to transfer successive similar groups or layers of fruit from the feed chute so that the layers will be stacked in vertical columns.

Another object of the invention is to provide article feeding chute apparatus adapted to predispose rows of articles in a predetermined pattern corresponding to a layer of articles to be transferred to a receptacle, such pattern involving arrangement of rows of fruit extending longitudinally of the chute so that the diagonally aligned fruit are in mutually spaced relation and the fruit of the longitudinally extended adjacent rows of fruit on the chute are nested.

Still another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for removing groups of fruit which are prearranged in accordance with the next preceding object, from the feed conveyor and placing the same within a receptacle.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide fruit boxing apparatus whereby: fruit is prearranged on a supply chute in longitudinally extended rows with fruit in adjacent rows nesting; a group of such fruit is removed from the supply chute, such group including a plurality of rows extended diagonally of the chute and respectively having one more or less fruit than the next adjacent diagonal row; such group of fruit is transferred to a receptacle and constitutes a layer of fruit therein; and subsequently another group of fruit is transferred from the supply chute, which latter group is composed of fruit similarly arranged and containing one more or less fruit than the corresponding diagonal row previously transferred from said chute, whereby when said latter layer of said fruit is deposited in said receptacle, the rows of fruit located one above the other will be in nesting relation. By way of an example of this objective, transfer apparatus is provided whereby one layer of fruit removed from the supply chute consists of five rows of fruit as counted breadthwise of the box in which the two rows adjacent the longitudinal walls of the box and the middle row of fruit each contain six fruit and the two intervening rows of fruit each contain five fruit; whereas in the next group or layer of fruit placed in the box, the two rows adjacent the longitudinal box walls and the middle row each contain five fruit and the two intervening rows contain six fruit, whereby the rows located one over the other and extended lengthwise and breadthwise of the box will nest one within the other and the lengthwise and breadthwise extended rows of fruit will be vertically aligned, though the fruit of the vertically aligned rows are nested, whereas the rows which are longitudinally extended on the chute in mutually contacting engagement, but which are disposed diagonally in the box in the respective layers, are displaced approximately one-half fruit out of vertical alignment so as to nest with adjacent rows diagonally extended in the box. This objective of the invention may be accomplished by either of two forms of apparatus as herein disclosed. Accordingly, all of the fruit in adjacent rows both within each layer and within the adjacent vertically spaced layers are in nesting relation and maximum usage is made of the space within the box. In addition, the fruit is interlocked within the box so as to prevent relative shifting during shipment of the box, but the box presents a uniform and aesthetically desirable appearance in that all of the fruit in the rows extended diagonally of the top layer in either direction widthwise of the box are in contacting relation, and a fruit of the subjacent layer is viewed through the spaces in the fruit in all of the rows extended longitudinally and transversely of the box. It will be understood that the above example is illustrative only, and that the number of fruit in the rows may vary depending upon either the size of the fruit or the size of the box.

In accomplishing the foregoing objective, longitudinally extended rows of fruit are formed on a supply chute with the lowermost fruit in the rows aligned diagonally of the chute, and a transfer mechanism having rows of pickup elements corresponding to rows of fruit on the chute is disposed diagonally with respect to the chute to pick off diagonal fruit rows, and then is moved to a receptacle to deposit the picked up fruit as a layer in the receptacle.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter described or will become apparent to those skilled in the art, and the novel features of the invention will be defined in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a view in perspective illustrating one apparatus useful in the practice of the method hereof and embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view as taken on the line 22 of FIG. 1 and more particularly illustrating the chute apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view in top plan illustrating the fruit feeding chute and fruit arranging means of FIGS. 1 and 2, the fruit transfer mechanism having been broken away, and showing the rows of fruit on the chute in pattern to be transferred to provide one layer of fruit within a receptacle;

FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 but showing the chute mechanism in a transversely expanded condition;

FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 but illustrating a second group of fruit to be transferred;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view illustrating the fruit arranging mechanism in its intermediate stage of operation as shown in FIG. 4, with certain of the parts being shown in section;

FIG. 7 is a transverse sectional view through the chute mechanism is taken on the plane of line 77 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view as taken on the line 88 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a transverse sectional view generally corresponding to FIG. 7 but showing the chute mechanism transversely extended to effect agitation of the fruit;

FIG. 10 is a view in vertical section as taken substantially on the line 1010 of FIG. 1 showing the fruit transfer mechanism in full lines in a fruit pickup position on its supporting frame and showing the fruit transfer mechanism in broken lines in a position for depositing the fruit in a receptacle;

FIG. 11 is a view in section as taken substantially on the plane of the line 1111 of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a view in vertical section as taken on the line 1212 of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a view in section as taken on the line 13-13 of FIG. 12 showing the fruit pickup mechanism in full lines in an elevated position and in condition to pickup up one fruit pattern, and fragmentarily in broken lines in engagement with the fruit on the fruit supply chute;

FIG. 14 is a view showing the fruit pickup mechanism of FIG. 13 moved to the fruit discharge location and showing the pickup mechanism in broken lines in an elevated position and in full lines in a position for depositing the fruit within a box;

FIG. 15 is a view generally corresponding to FIG. 13 but illustrating the fruit pickup mechanism actuated to pick up a different fruit pattern;

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary detail view partly in section and partly in elevation illustrating the actuator means for the fruit pickup mechanism;

FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view as taken on the line 1717 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a detail view in section illustrating a typical fruit pickup element;

FIG. 19 is a view corresponding to FIG. 18 illustrating the pickup element in engagement with a fruit;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view illustrating the control and operating system for the machine of FIGS. 1-19;

FIG. 21 is a fragmentary view in plan illustrating a modified fruit pattern arranging chute mechanism;

FIG. 22 is a view generally corresponding to FIG. 21 but illustrating the chute transversely extended;

FIG. 23 is a view in section as taken on the line 2323 of FIG. 21;

FIG. 24 is a view in section as taken on the line 2424 of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a predominantly frontal elevation of a modified mechanism for practicing the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a fragmentary view partly in elevation and partly in section illustrating the positioning of fruit on the fruit delivery chutes;

FIG. 27 is a fragmentary detail view in top plan illustrating one of the fruit transfer mechanisms of the apparatus of FIG. 25 in a position for picking up fruit;

FIG. 28 is a view in section as taken on the line 2828 of FIG. 27 showing the fruit pickup mechanism in full lines in an elevated position and in broken lines in a fruit pickup position;

FIG. 29 is a view in section as taken on the line 29-29 of FIG. 27 showing the fruit pickup mechanism in an elevated position in full lines and in broken lines in a fruit pickup position;

FIG. 30 is a fragmentary view in section as taken on the line 3030 of FIG. 26; and

FIG. 31 is a detail view in section as taken on the line 3131 of FIG. 29 and showing a modified fruit pickup element.

Like reference characters in the several views of the drawings and in the following description designate corresponding parts.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 10, an illustrative embodiment of an apparatus for practicing the present invention is shown as comprising a composite framework including a first supporting frame 1 on which is mounted a feed chute mechanism generally denoted at C and an angularly related second frame 2 on which is supported a fruit transfer mechanism generally denoted at T.

The chute mechanism includes a chute 3 adapted to be disposed at a suitable inclination and supported on frame 1 by adjustable struts 4, the chute 3 being adapted to receive a supply of fruit in random order from any suitable source. Such a source of fruit would preferably consist of means for supplying the chute 3 with fruit of substantially uniform size ready for packaging or boxing, and an example of such a source is the sizing apparatus d1sclosed and claimed in the pending application of Johnson et al., Ser. No. 213,841, filed July 20, 1962. The chute 3 comprises means which will hereinafter be more fully described for disposing the fruit in alignment in rows extended longitudinally of the chute in position below and between a pair of supporting rails 5, 5 which are carried by the frame 2 and which extend at an angle relative to the chute 3, the transfer mechanism T referred to above being reciprocable on the rails 5 between fruit pickup position as shown in full lines in both FIGS. 1 and and the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 10 whereat the fruit is adapted to be deposited in a receptacle or box generally denoted at R. This box is supported in a guide channel 6 disposed beneath the rails 5, the channel 6 being open at its opposite ends so that the receptacle or box R may be moved endwise in the channel 6 to a position centrally located between the rails 5, there filled with fruit, and thereafter moved endwise from the channel 6.

In accordance with one of the objectives of the invention, it is desired that the fruit fed in random order to the supply chute 3 be aligned in rows with each fruit in each row contacting the adjacent fruit in its row but with fruit in adjacent rows disposed in nesting relation to one another. Accordingly, the chute 3 is adapted to gravitationally supply fruit from its lower end to a chute section generally denoted at 10 and comprising a support 11 which forms a part of the chute supporting frame 1 and which has transversely slidably disposed thereon a pair of plates 12 and 13, the former of which underlies the latter. Each of the plates 12 and 13 is provided with an upstanding side wall 14 and extended between the side walls 14 is a rubber or other suitable fruit supporting base 15 for the chute section 10 which base is provided with transversely spaced ridges 16 between which the fruit will be generally aligned in rows as the fruit progresses downwardly over the base 15 of the chute section 10. Upon relative transverse movement of the overlapped plates 12 and 13, the transverse space between the side walls 14 of the chute section 10 is increased and decreased as in the space between the ridges 16 of the chute base 15 whereby to effect agitation of the fruit and ultimate transverse compression of the fruit to a desired extent such that the fruit are effectively prelocated within their rows so as to be engaged and picked up by the transfer mechanism.

Means are provided for effecting the just mentioned transverse shifting of the plates 12 and 13 and side walls 14, and in the illustrative embodiment such means, as is best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 79, comprises a pair of rock shafts 17 journalled in bearings 18 carried by the support 11, each rock shaft having thereon a sprocket wheel 19 engaged by a chain 20, one end of which is fixed as by welding at 21 to one of the sprockets 19 and the other end of which is suitably aflixed as by welding at 22 to the respective plates 12 and 13. Suitable means such as a spring 23 interconnect the last mentioned ends of the chains so as to normally bias the plates 12 and 13 and their side walls 14 toward one another, and actuator means generally denoted at 24 are provided for effecting intermittent angular movement of the sprockets 19 in a direction to cause movement of the walls 14 away from one another against the bias of the spring 23. This actuator means 24 includes a pair of lever arms 25, one of which projects fro-m the respective rock shafts 17, the free ends of the levers 25 extending into a slot 26 in an actuator head 27 so as to be engaged by a roller 28, the head 27 being supported at the outer end of a reciprocal shaft 29. This shaft 29 extends into a cylinder 30 adapted to be supplied with fluid under pressure to cause projection of the shaft 29.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cylinder 31) may be provided with a spring 31 which is adapted to cause the shaft 29 to be retracted into the cylinder. In a manner which will be hereinafter described, the cylinder 30 is intermittently provided with fiuid under pressure to effect reciprocation of the shaft 29, whereby to effect a transverse relative movement of chute walls 14 and agitation of the fruit located between ridges 16 of the transversely expandable chute base 15.

Means are also provided for effecting agitation of the rows of fruit longitudinally between the ridges 16 of the chute base 15 and this means is also adapted to establish an angular relationship between the lowermost fruit in the rows of fruit in the chute section '10 corresponding with the side and end walls of the box or receptacle into which a group of the fruit are to be transferred from the chute section 10.

As seen in FIGS. 36, the means for predetermining the relationship between the lowermost fruit and the adjacent rows in the chute 10 and for agitating the rows longitudinally comprises a pair of hinged barrier elements designated 32 and 33, the barrier 32 being hinged at 34 to a side wall 14 of the chute section 10 and the barrier 33 being corresponding y hinged at 35 to the other side wall 14. In addition, the barriers are hingedly interconnected at 36 so that upon transverse movement of the walls 14 toward and away from one another the angular relation between the barriers 32 and 33 will be caused to range between that shown in FIG. 3 and that shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. When the angular relation of barriers 32 and 33 is as shown in FIG. 3, these barriers are disposed in right angular relation, the fruit engaging barrier 33 being aligned with one another for ultimately being picked up and placed along a side wall of the receptacle or box R and the fruit engaging barrier 32 being aligned for ultimate engagement with an end wall of the box R. The barriers 32 and 33 may be provided with spaced elements 32a and 33a whereby to not only assist in agitating the fruit longitudinally of the rows between the ridges 16 of the chute section 10, but also to assist, as best seen in FIG. 3, in predetermining the exact spacing between the row of fruit engaged with the respective barriers 32 and 33, which rows are extended diagonally across the chute section 10.

It is notable that each fruit in the respective longitudinally extended rows lying between the chute ridges 16 contacts the next adjacent fruit in its row but the angular disposition of the barriers 32 and 33 causes the fruit of the adjacent longitudinally extended rows to be displaced longitudinally of one another so that the fruit are transversely nested and form a group of fruit which will fit within the walls of the box R in such a manner that rows of fruit within the box and extending diagonally of the box will be in mutually contacting aligned relation but the rows of fruit within the box spaced transversely of the box will be disposed in nesting relation.

Referring more particularly in this connection to FIG. 3, it will be seen that the barriers 32 and 33 have provided a pattern of fruit consisting of five rows extended diagonally of the chute section 10 and respectively designated A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. It will also be noted that each of rows A1, A3 and A5 consists of six fruit, whereas each of rows A2 and A4 consists of five fruit. In accordance with the present invention, these five rows of fruit which extend diagonally of the chute section 10 are to be transferred from the chute section 10 to the box R simultaneously as a group to make up the bottom layer of fruit within the box. With particular reference to FIG. 5 it will also be noted that there are provided within the rows of fruit above the barriers 32 and 33 five diagonally arranged rows respectively designated B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5, with rows B1, B3, and B5 consisting of five fruit and rows B2 and B4 consisting of six fruit. The invention contemplates transferring the B rows of fruit as a group and placing them in the box R as a layer nesting with the layer of A fruit. Thus, it is apparent that row B1 nests with row A1, row B2 nests with row A2, etc., the respective rows A1 and B1 and likewise the other vertically aligned rows being displaced approximately one-half fruit from one another, and it is also notable that in each of the layers of A and B fruit those fruit which will be aligned diagonally of the box will be disposed in mutually contacting relation in the respective layers but these diagonally disposed rows will nest with one another as regards the respective layers.

When the box is filled with, for example, five alternate layers of A, B fruit, the entire quantity of fruit within the box will be interlocked or nested one with the other so that not only does the invention provide for the efficient boxing of the fruit, but in addition, the fruit will be arranged in a manner which is aesthetically desirable in that the uppermost layer of fruit will present a symmetrical pattern of diagonally extended straight rows of fruit in contacting relation with one another, and all spaces between fruit of the uppermost layer will be above a fruit in the layer below.

Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 10-19, the above noted transfer mechanism T is adapted to transfer the groups of fruit consisting of rows A1-A5 and Bl-BS successively from the supply chute section 10 to the receptacle or box R, and this transfer mechanism comprises a frame structure including a pair of spaced-apart side walls respectively supporting rollers 51 which engage the aforementioned rails 5 of the base frame 2. Interconnecting the side walls 50 at the top is a header 52 and at the bottom, the sides 50 are interconnected by plates 53. Internally of side walls 50 and as best seen in FIG. 11, they are respectively provided with vertical guides 54 which slidably support a pair of channel members 55, these channel members being interconnected at their upper ends by a cross member 56 and gussets 57. The cross member 56 is connected as at 58 to a rod 59 of an actuator cylinder 60, this rod 59 extending through the header 52 so as to effect vertical reciprocation of the members between the side walls 50. Extended between the reciprocal members 55 and suitably integrally connected therewith is a horizontally extended supporting plate 61 forming part of pickup mechanism P which is adapted to reciprocate with the members 55 upon reciprocation of the actuator rod 59.

This pickup mechanism includes four rows of vacuum pickup elements or cups generally denoted at 62 and in this illustrative embodiment each including a stem 63 which extends through a downwardly tapered opening 64 in the support plate 61, the stem 63 being suspended in the opening on an upper washer 65 and being normally biased downwardly to effect engagement of washer 65 with plate 61 by means of a spring 67 which surrounds the stem 63 and engages at one end a washer 68 disposed about the stem and engaged with plate 61 and which engages at its other end with a head 69. This head supports a resilient cup 70 and a disk 71. Upon engagement of the flexible skirt 72 of the cup 70 with a fruit denoted at F, as best seen in FIG. 19, the cup 70 may be subjected to an internal partial pressure reduction through an opening 71a in disk 71 and a passage 63a in the stem 63 of the pickup elements. The four rows of pickup elements supported by the plate 61 are generally disposed on centers which are disposed in rows corresponding to a pattern of fruit located on the chute section 10 by the barrier members 32 and 33, these groups of fruit comprising rows A2-A5 and rows Bl-B4 in the groups illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 respectively. Upon lowering of the plate 61 so that the respective pickup elements 62 engage the fruit in either of the groups of rows just mentioned and upon evacuation of the respective cups, the groups of fruit will be held by the pickup element 62 and subsequent elevation of the pickup elements will cause such rows of fruit to be removed from the supply chute section 10.

It will be noted that the pickup elements thus far described consist of only four rows of pickup elements, whereas it is desired to pick up from the supply chute section 10 five diagonally arranged rows of fruit. Accordingly, the pickup means also includes a pair of auxiliary rows of pickup elements respectively designated 62A and 62B which are alternately employed when the A rows of fruit are being removed from the supply chute 10 and when the B rows of fruit are being removed from the supply chute 10.

The row of auxiliary cups 62A are supported on a bar 75 which is connected between its ends to a pair of lever arms 76. The lever arms 76 are fixed to a rock shaft 77 which extends lengthwise of the support plate 61 and is journalled in upstanding ears 78 on the latter. Similarly, the row of auxiliary pickup elements 62B is supported on a bar which is connected between its ends to a pair of levers 86, these levers being connected to a rock shaft 87 which extends along the plate 61 and is journalled in a pair of upstanding ears 88 on the latter.

Means are provided for simultaneously oppositely actuating the rows of auxiliary pickup elements 62A and 62B respectively to and from an operative position, that is, a position in which either the pickup elements 62A or the pickup elements 62B combine with the pickup elements 62 for completing a group of pickup elements to remove a group of fruit from the chute section 10, which group would constitute a layer of fruit to be boxed.

Accordingly, as best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the support plate 61 has a supporting bracket 90 consisting of spaced walls 91 through which rock shaft 77 extends, this rock shaft having a pinion 92 thereon and a pair of spaced walls 93 through which rock shaft 87 extends, there being a pinion 94 between the walls 93 and fixed on rock shaft 87.

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, the details of construction of the bracket including the walls 91 are shown in greater detail and it will be understood that the bracket comprising the walls 93 would be of a similar construction. In this connection, the walls 91 are joined together in spaced relation by a spacer 95 secured by fasteners 96 between the walls 91 so as to accommodate the pinion 92, which is provided with a hub 92a fastened by set screw 92b to the shaft 77. The spaced apart walls 91 are provided with guide rails 97 on which slides a rack bar 98. Similarly, the side walls 93 of the bracket are adapted to accommodate and slidably support a rack bar 99.

As seen in FIG. 11, the rack bars 98 and 99 are joined by frame members 100 and 101 so as to provide a box frame engageable either by a rod 102 or by a rod 104 projecting from opposite ends of an actuator cylinder 103 whereby upon opposite actuation of the actuator 104 the box frame comprising members 100 and 101 and the rack bars 98 and 99 will be caused to reciprocate in opposite directions thereby effecting simultaneous angular movement of the pinions 92 and 94 and angular movement in the same direction of the lever arms 76 and 86, resulting in either the movement of pickup elements 62B to the position shown in FIG. 13 and the corresponding movement of the pickup elements 62A to the operative position shown in FIG. 13, or the movement of the pickup elements 62B to the operative position shown in FIG. 15 and the elevation of the pickup elements 62A to the inoperative position shown in FIG. 15.

It will now be understood that under the control of the actuator cylinder 103, the pickup means P will consist of four rows of pickup elements 62 together with pickup elements 62A in the event that the rows of fruit Al-AS are to be picked up from the supply chute section 10, while these four rows of pickup elements 62 and the row of pickup elements 62B will be employed if the rows of fruit B1-B5 are to be removed from the supply chute 10. As previously indicated, the transfer mechanism is slidably or shiftably supported on rollers 51 which engage rails 5 so as to be moved between a fruit pickup position as shown in FIG. 1, and as shown in full lines in FIG. 10, and the fruit boxing position as shown in broken lines in FIG. 10. Therefore, when rows of fruit A1 through A5 are picked up for placement in the box, it is desired that movement of the transfer means downwardly on rails 5 be limited or reduced, as compared with the permitted movement of the transfer means when the rows B1 through B5 are to be placed in the box, by a distance equal to one row of fruit so that the fruit picked up by auxiliary pickup elements 62A will be deposited against the longitudinal side wall of the box; whereas when the B layer of fruit is boxed, the row of pickup elements 62 adjacent the inoperative pickup elements 62A will be deposited in the box adjacent the same side wall. Means for varying such downward movement of the transfer means includes a pair of pressure operated cylinders 136 respectively carried at opposite sides of the means T on side walls 50. Each cylinder 136 has a rod 137 projecting therefrom more or less by a distance equal to one row of fruit and engageable with stops 1370 on the rail structure 5, under the control of a system to be hereinafter more fully described.

Under the control of such control mechanisms, the pickup means is also adapted to pick up fruit when in the pickup position of FIGS. 1 and 10 and to be lowered into the box as shown in FIG. 14, there to release the fruit. In the illustrative embodiment the transfer mechanism may be shifted manually along rails and, therefore, it will be noted that the handle portion 105 is provided between the side walls 50 of the transfer mechanism. To faciliate manual shifting of the transfer mechanism, there is preferably provided means for counterbalancing the transfer mechanism. Such counterbalancing means may, as shown in FIG. 10, comprise a weight 105a supported on a flexible tape or cable 105b, the cable being suitably connected to the transfer mechanism at 1050.

As previously described, the pickup elements 62 as well as 62A and 62B are adapted to be evacuated for the purpose of picking up fruit and therefore the pickup assembly also includes suitable vacuum tube connections 162, 162A and 162B suitably leading from a pump to the respective pickup elements. With reference to FIGS. 11 and 13, it will be noted that plate 61 has thereon a pair of manifolds 262 to which vacuum tubes 162 lead, and from these manifolds, tubes 362 lead to the respective pickup elements 62. Vacuum tube 162A leads to a manifold 262A which is carried by the lever arms 66 and extends along the auxiliary cup support bar 75. From the manifold 262A tubes 362A lead to the respective pickup element 62A. Similarly, vacuum tube 162B leads to a manifold 262B carried by lever arms 86 and extending along the auxiliary support bar 85 and vacuum tubes 362B lead from the manifold 262B to the respective pickup elements 62B. The handle 105 with which the transfer mechanism is shifted between pickup and discharge positions is provided with manually operated valve control elements 106 and 107 whereby to control the vacuum operated pickup elements in unison, as will more fully appear hereinafter.

Inasmuch as the pickup elements as seen in FIGS. 18 and 19 are free to partake of universal movement by virtue of the loose fit of the stem 63 in the downwardly tapered opening 64, the pickup elements will compensate for a degree of variation in the actual disposition of fruit in the respective patterns formed on the chute section and by virtue of the resilient cup construction on the pickup element 62, differences in size and surface contour will be compensated for to assure effectiveness in the picking up of the fruit.

Referring now to FIG. 20, there is illustrated a schematic control system whereby the transfer mechanism as well as the supply conveyor section 10 is actuated and controlled so that when the transfer mechanism is moved from the broken line' position of FIG. 10 to the full line position of FIGS. 1 and 10, the side walls 14 of the conveyor section 10 will be caused to relatively reciprocate one toward another to effect agitation and ultimate lateral compression of the rows of fruit on the conveyor into the desired pattern; upon arrival of the transfer mechanism at the pickup position, the pickup means will be lowered to effect engagement of the pickup elements 62 and either 62A or 62B with the prearranged fruit on the chute section 10; following evacuation of the pickup elements so as to grip the group of fruit thereby, this group of fruit will be picked up and elevated from the chute section 10; and upon return of the transfer mechanism to the discharge or boxing position, the pickup means will be moved downwardly to place the group of fruit held by the pickup means in the box R and the release of the vacuum holding the fruit in the pickup elements will then be effected. In the embodiment now being described, release of vacuum is effected and simultaneously a positive pressure is developed in the pickup cups to eject the fruit therefrom. Upon return of the pickup means to the elevated position, the cycle may be repeated so as to progressively pick up and box successive layers of fruit. In the control system means are provided to effect .a shifting of the pickup elements 62A and 62B alternately between operative and inoperative positions so that successive layers of fruit depositioned will successively consist of a layer of fruit made up of the rows 1A through A5 and a next superjacent layer of fruit made up of the rows B1 through B5 and thereafter another layer of fruit consisting of the rows A1 through A5, etc.

Included in the control system is a stepping switch mechanism generally designated at provided with a DC source of current from a source 111 through a line 112, a capacitor-resistor connection 113, and a lead 114. The stepping switch 110 is of a conventional type and is provided with, for example, five positions for the purpose of controlling the pickup mechanism in the placement of five layers of fruit within the box R. Positions 1, 3 and 5 in the stepping switch are designated as A positions, whereas positions 2 and 4 are designated as B positions for a reason which will hereinafter more fully appear.

In the diagram, the stepping switch 110 is adapted to be caused to progress incrementally through positions 1A through 5A and then resume at position 1A in a step-bystep fashion each time that a control switch interposed in conductors 112, 114 and designated 115 is closed. As seen in FIG. 10, switch 115 is located on the supporting framework for the transfer mechanism T and has an actuator arm 115a adapted to be engaged and actuated by a member 1151) projecting from a side wall 50 of the transfer mechanism, as the latter is moved from the broken line position of FIG. 10 to the full line position, whereby to momentarily close switch 115 and thu effect an increment of actuation of the stepping switch 110. A switch 112a is interposed between the source of electric current and the switch 115 so that when desired, as will be hereinafter described, the stepping switch 110 may be rendered inoperative.

Assuming now that the transfer mechanism T has been moved from the broken line position of FIG. 10 to the full line position shown therein and that the member 11511 has closed switch 115 to cause the stepping switch to be in a condition in which a circuit is completed at position 1A, it will be noted that a source line 119 leads to solenoid valve 120 and that a ground line 123 leads to station 1A of the stepping switch from the valve 120. To complete the circuit at this station of the stepping switch from line 123, the stepping switch has an arm 124 in circuit with a ground line 124. Solenoid valve 120 controls actuators 136 for stops 137 whereby to vary the discharge position of the transfer means T by a distance equal to the width of a row of fruit, as previously described. In the conductor 119 is a branch line 121 which leads to a solenoid valve 122 which connects either pickup elements 62A or 62B with a vacuum pump or source of air, as will be later described.

Also energized at stepping switch station 1A is a branch circuit 117 containing a signal light 118 which will be energized to indicate that the stepping switch 110 is operative at station 1A.

Another branch conductor 125 leads from conductor 119 to a solenoid valve 126 which is controllable by a microswitch 126a. This microswitch 12611 is, as seen in FIG. 10, supported on one of the transfer mechanism rails 5 in a position to be engaged by lobes 127 of a cam bar 128 which is provided between the lobes with depressions 129. The microswitch 126a will be actuated 

